Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield Essays - American Slaves,

Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield Typically, Black Americans have reached their most noted fame through their talents in music and sports; although, we have been taught the impact of individuals like Harriet Tubman, George Washington Carver, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on the history of America. Movies have been produced that reinforce our knowledge of the history of blacks: Roots gave us an in-depth look into slavery; Once Upon a Time When We Were Colored People gave us a deeper understanding of the effects of segregation; and Malcolm X showed us hate between races. But even with Americas attempts to educate its people and give light to those African-Americans who have greatly contributed to the shaping of our nation, many people are still unaware of the many accomplishments which have been credited to Black Americans. Elizabeth Taylor- Greenfield is one of these African-Americans who has made several accomplishments that many may be unaware of. The gifted, African-American singer, whose exceptional voice made her a popular performer in Great Britain, was , Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield(1817-1876). She was probably born in 1817 as a slave in Natchez, Mississippi. As a child Elizabeth accompanied her mistress to Philadelphia. When her mistress joined the Society of Friends and freed her slaves Elizabeth chose to stay with her and took her last name. Mrs. Greenfield encouraged Elizabeth with her musical talents. She continued to study music after the death of Mrs. Greenfield in 1845. In 1851 Elizabeth gave her first public concert in New York. She made a tour of several cities from Boston to Chicago. A testimonial concert in Buffalo raised enough funds to finance Elizabeth's trip to Europe for additional training. She was aided by Lord Shaftesbury and Harriet Beecher Stowe and by the Duchess of Sutherland, who became her patroness. She toured cities in the East and Midwest, then traveled to England in 1854 where her performances were praised in the London press and where she sang at Buckingham Palace. There, she sang for Queen Victoria. Not only a great singer, she taught herself how to play the guitar and the harp, and was very skilled and adept at them both. Her 27-note range was hailed as astonishing. Greenfield's voice--full, resonant, with remarkable range--was all the more striking for her plain appearance and the charm of her imperfect training. She was often known as the Black Swan by her fans. She gained her nickname for her moving and emotional performances during the era just before the Civil War. But despite her popularity, she was financially unable to continue her vocal studies, and in July 1854 she returned to America. Settling in Philadelphia, she became a vocal teacher and gave occasional concerts. Black Americans have been the first to achieve certain successes that have been crucial to our current way of life as Americans. However, America often fails to give Black Americans their rightfully integrated place in American history. This corresponds to this assignment in that I had no idea who Elizabeth Taylor-Greenfield was before I did research. I just knew that I wouldnt be able to find any information because I thought she was a no-name. But, after finding lots of research on her, I realized that there are several more African-Americans , in addition to Greenfield, that I had not been exposed to who have made several accomplishments in history. Women like Elizabeth Taylor-Greenfield are important in that they influenced people like Marian Anderson. They will also continue to influence future successful Black Americans. Psychology

Washington Irving essays

Washington Irving essays Washington Irving is one of the most memorable writers in history for his many works. To learn more about Washington Irving these are three most important points of this author, historical background, work, and his last years as a famous writer. To begin is the historical background of Washington Irving life which begins on April 3,1783 at the end of the Revolutionary War which was the day he was born. ("Resources for Educators" 1) He was born to a big family that included his father, a wealthy merchant, and also his mother who was an English woman who was as well the granddaughter of a clergyman. Irving was the youngest of 11 children, yet it is not stated how many brothers or sisters he had. When Washington Irving was born the hero of the United States George Washington saw Irving and gave his blessing to him and his family. Washington Irving was born and raised in New York City. When Irving went to school he was one of the most influential of all students, so he enrolled himself in law school instead of following his elder brothers to the nearby Columbia College. He later had met his fianc Matilda Hoffman, yet sadly he never had the chance to marry her because she passed away in 1809 with tuberculoses at the age of seve nteen. (American Authors 1) At the age of nineteen Irving began his writing for a newspaper The Morning Chronicle that started his career in writing. When Irving returned from his tour of France and Italy, he followed his brother William Irving and J. K. Paulding in publishing Salmagundi. ("Irving Washington" 141) The critics said that the book was a whimsical essay, which mirrored the rise and fall of New York. It was his opinion on social life, books, theatres, and politics. ("Washington Irving-Biography" 1) When Irving started writing his books he started using pen names to make it seem like the person in the story was the one that wrote the book. One name that he used was Diedrich Knickerboc ...

Review of Ella Delorias Waterlily Feminist Perspective Essay

Review of Ella Delorias Waterlily Feminist Perspective - Essay Example Ella Cara Deloria is best known for her linguistic and ethnographic work on the Sioux Nation. Though not formally trained as anthropologist, since she was a trained as a teacher, she gained a reputation in the field. She brought a new perspective on her work, as she was born on the Yankton Sioux Reservation and part of a traditional Dakota Sioux family. Deloria was born in the White Swan district of the Yankton Indian Reservation, South Dakota. Her parents were Mary Sully Bordeau Deloria and Philip Deloria, the family having Yankton Sioux, Irish, and French roots. Her father was one of the first Sioux to be ordained as an Episcopalian priest. Although Ella was the first child to the couple, they each had two daughters by previous marriages; her parent had three more children after her. Deloria was brought up on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation, at Wakpala, and was educated first at her father's mission school and All Saints Boarding School in Sioux Falls, and then a brief period at the University of Chicago at Oberlin College, Ohio, to which she had won a scholarship. After two years at Oberlinshe she moved to Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and graduated with a B.Sc. in 1915. Throughout her professional life she suffered from not having had the money or the free time necessary to take an advanced degree, largely because of her commitment to the support of her family; her parents were elderly, and her sister suffered from brain tumors. In addition to her work in anthropology, Deloria had a number of jobs, including teaching dance and physical education, lecturing and giving demonstrations on Native American culture, working for the Camp Fire Girls and for the YWCA, and holding positions at the Sioux Indian Museum in Rapid City, South Dakota, and (as assistant director) the W.H. Deloria had a stroke in 1970 and died the following year of pneumonia. Her family spoke Dakota and Lakota dialects of the Sioux Language. It was through the understanding of the Dakota and Lakota dialects that Deloria would find her place in history. The Deloria family was devote Christians, but also followed the traditional ways of the Dakota people. Ella Deloria was dedicated to her family, which through extended kinship was great in numbers and this was one of the factors that hindered her professional education. Waterlilly was perhaps the highest of Deloria's achievement; it can be described as a book that guides the outsider into the mental as well as the historical world of the nineteenth century Sioux. Deloria was more focused on kinship, tribal structure, and the role of women in her traditional society and this greatly shaped her work. From a feminist perspective, Deloria's work appears to demonstrate the strength of the women in a traditional structure that is greatly misunderstood. In her efforts to research traditional culture and structure, Deloria conducted vast number of interviews with elders, women and tribal historians. She spent 1962-1966 working at the University of South Dakota, where she did her research, lectured, consulted and continued writing that she became an authority on the Dakota and Lakota Sioux. These, to a large extent, defined the content and perspective of her novel - Waterlilly. Through her extensive research work,

Strategic Planning Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Planning - Article Example Gilbert (2012, p.10) asserts that Chesapeake wants to cut on its costs. I choose Gilbert’s article, because Chesapeake’s top management faces a decision making task that will determine its future progress. Chesapeake’s drilling costs account for approximately 50 percent of the whole costs. This presents the company management with a huddle since cutting on the drilling costs would lead to a reduction in the output. In its move to reduce costs, Chesapeake plans to increase its drilling funding through selling some of its assets. Approximately, the company will acquire 4 billion US dollars by selling some of its pipelines (Gilbert, 2012, p.10). The south eastern stockholder criticized Chesapeake Company for increasing costs and suggested that the company should cut on its capital costs. Chesapeake has also suggested it intends to change its management with highly competent personnel (Gilbert, 2012, p. 10). In my own opinion, Chesapeake’s management has failed to secure an efficient allocation of organizational resources, which has resulted to a lack of unified direction. The management needs to come up with an effective strategy that will not only consider cutting the costs but also increase or maintain its productivity. Peter and Donnelly (2006) assert that a well drafted strategy leads the management in its actions and decisions (p. 36). In addition, it renders an incorporated approach for the company and assists in conforming to the challenges posed by the environment

Social Network - Facebook Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Network - Facebook - Research Proposal Example It represents the realization of the concept known as citizen journalism which allows anybody to become a mass communicator. In doing this, there are a number of ethical issues on its implementation, more often than not people lie a lot about themselves and the posts they make on Facebook, which is a feature that is of great concern on the information that people consume on such social platforms. Furthermore, these platforms provide the perfect infrastructure for impersonation and other forms of social vices. Besides the numerous ethical concerns about the use of the social media, this platform has also enhanced the forms of cybercrimes. Cybercrime is also a new term in security, which infers to the use of the internet to commit crimes. Facebook provides a perfect platform for intensified interaction, which enables criminals to observe the activities of their victims. It further forms a perfect platform for blackmail and a means of extortion from the unsuspecting public. Impersonatio n is a trending feature on Facebook, one in which people run fake accounts for public figures such as politicians and other celebrities. Some of such users are unscrupulous enough to extort money from their users in the disguise for favors associated with the real names of celebrities. The ability to maintain a high level of anonymity allows these users the privilege of staying unidentified. The internet introduced a number of online payment mechanisms which therefore make possible the cyber crimes and the numerous extortion schemes. The research further investigates the forms of cybercrime on this social platform and the possible targets of such criminal acts. The literature review is a mandatory segment in researches. In this part, the researcher analyzes preexisting knowledge on the topic. Facebook and social network are two new terminologies following the advent of the internet. The growth of social media has been significant over the years (Aggarwal, 2011). However, the two hav e attracted a substantial attention from researchers resulting in adequate literature addressing their usage and the ethical concerns they present. Cyber crimes have been in existence since the 1980s following the invention of the internet. This implies that the topic has adequate literature material describing its uniqueness and the mode of societal infiltration. An effective analysis of the literature develops a background on which the research runs (Goddard & Melville, 2001). This research seeks to analyse the ethical concerns that arise on the use of this global social platform. Vices such as cybersex are common (Stenzel and Melissa, 2011). In doing this, the research uses a unique structure of data collection and analysis. Facebook, just as any other social network, is availed on any internet network. This implies that it enjoys the features of the internet such as unlimited access, interactivity, and multimodality among others. With the employment of these features, it becomes very convenient carrying out the research. The research employs a unique data collection strategy referred to as content analysis. This is used in conjunction with the other traditional data collection strategies such as the use of interviews, observations, and using questionnaires. Content analysis is a data collection method in which the researcher simply analyses the Facebook accounts and profiles of friends and other available users (Goddard & Melville, 2001). Facebook allows anybody to view any page provided the owners make the pages public. This thus gives the research methodology the convenience of conducting the research from the confines of one’

Limit Of Human Rights In Africa

Limit Of Human Rights In Africa Culture, Gender, and Religion at the Limit of Human Rights in Africa.   The essay will focus on how culture, gender and religion limits human rights in Africa and how the three come into conflict which leads to discursively construct each other via cultural. It will also cover the potential and limitations of the womens rights as human rights in which, attension will be paid to Islamic law-sharia and some of it cases in Nigeria. The essay will also relate international human rights documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, African Charter on human and peoples rights, protocol to the African Charter on Human and peoples Rights of women in Africa, and Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam(sharia law) and conclusion. Legal Pluralism in Human Rights Law: The plurality of norms and values that exist in different African cultues and societies is also reflected within the human rights system itself. The human rights system embodies both individual and communal rights. The tension relationship between the principle of a groups right to self determination and cultural identity, asembodied in the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights and Article 16.1 of the Womens convention, which puts an obligation on the states parties to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relationg to marriage and family relation. In the African context is whether the protection of group rights such as culture and religious identity of ethnic group, constitutes a justifiable reason for differential treatment of women and men in African. There has always been great arguement when interpreting the convention in relationa to African States parties, it should be born in mind that African and Western cultures apply different values and norm(Grannes 1994:28) This is because the implementation of Womens convention has proved to be particularly problematic in the area of personal and family law, where it comes into conflict with religious and customary laws and practices. Human Rights in African Over decades now, Africa have been ranked by international Human Rights organizationas like Human Right Watch, Ammesty International and International Crimenial Court as a continent where human rights violations are at it apex especially islamic countries, the violation of womens basic human rights are mostly done in the name of culture and religion.  [1]  After the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 in which pursuit of equal rights for women through international law has been fair from reach. The principle says that everyone is free and equal in diginity and eveveryone is entitled to rights without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex was started in Articles 1 and 2 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights  [2]  , African Charter by the Organization of African Unity (now African Unity) in 1986, Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Cairo Declaration o n Human Rights in Islam by the Organization of the Islamic Conference in 1993. Anthropology as an academic discipline has embraced a predominantly ethical relativist stance toward the idea of human rights as a legitimate universal concern for all cultures. In the past years the rising prominence of womens rights as human rights has challenged this point of view. Within the context of the global womens human rights movement, feminist anthropologists are in the forefront of this challenge, striving to uphold anthropologys important focus on cultural context, while at the same time paying deep concern for harmful pracetics against women, with female genital mutilation in African no exception, which may be argued to be morally objectionable outside of any given culture. Human Rights is a very difficult phrase to define. Ones idea of humanity varies in every culture especially in African societies; discrepancies are often found even within a singular culture. Gender,Culture, Religion and social Causes a Barrie to Human Rights in Africa: Violence continues to affect lives of millions of women in African in all socio- legal, economic and educational classes. This is cuting across cultural and religious barriers, which impeding women from taking full participation in societies. One of the greatest barriers to womens economic advancement is violence they face on daily routine. Not only does such violence impede womens ability to live full and productive lives, it also hampers their contributions to family, society and economic development. Violance aganist women is one of the most visible consequences of economic, social, political, legal and cultural inequalities that exist between men and women in Africa, as a result the continent is laging behind the rest of the world  [3]  . Given the subordinate status of women in Africa, women are most exposed to ill treatments, physiological abuse, and physical violence, such gender violence is considered normal and enjoys social sanction. African continent is rich in cultural relativity(culture of discrimination) and norms, as a result it has showed a vital barrier to the implementation of the universal human rights act. A universal agreement among certain human rights provisions is not likely to occur, specifically when dealing with islamic countries in African where transition to more equal rights is most problematic, where elements of Sharia law governing the behaviour of women remain active. In extreme examples in Northern Nigeria, these ancient laws still declaims that adultery is a crime when only carried out by women, and makes it impossible for a man to be convicted of rape. In certain circumstances, conforming to human rights would signify a fundamental change in societies that the elite is not willing to undertake, fearing a potential change in the balance of power while the cultural norms remains unchanged. Violence against women in Africa comes in several forms discrimination, rape and Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), which the World Health Orgnazation (WHO) defines as comprises all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The practice is mostly carried out by traditional circumcisers, who often play other central roles in communities, such as attending childbirths. Increasingly, however, FGM is being performed by health care providers and constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against women. It is nearly always carried out on minors and is a violation of the rights of children. The practice also violates a persons rights to health, security and physical integrity, the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and the right to life when the procedure results in death. Despirte global efforts by World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to combat the wild spred of FGM, it still remains donominant in Africa as a cultureal partices, which lives about 92 million girls age 10 years and above are estimated to have undergone FGM and three million girls are at risk annually  [4]  . The reasons behind female genital mutilation in Africa include a mix of cultural, religious and social factors within families and communities.In most African countries where FGM is a social convention, the social pressure to conform to what others do and have been doing is a strong motivation to perpetuate the practice. Traditions in African believes that FGM is often considered a necessary part of raising up process for girl(s), and a way to prepare them for adulthood and marriage life, it often motivated by beliefs about what is considered proper sexual behaviour, linking procedures to premarital virginity and marital fidelity and is also associated with cultural ideals of femininity and modesty, which include the notion that girls are clean and beautiful after removal of body parts that are considered male or unclean. The Africa Traditional Reglions (ATRs) is the only religion that fully support to the practice, practitioners often believe the practice has religious support, othe r religious leaders take active positions with regard to FGM: some still promote it, some consider it unimportant to religion, and others are still kicking against the idea. Potential and Limitations of Womens Rights as Human Rights Social and economic indicators for African countries consistently show that women bear the greatest brunt of hardship because of disciminatory lwas against them, efforts to modernise this discriminatory laws have been frustrated by deep-rooted cultural barriers that runs in opposite direction with developments . Women in Africa contribute in numerous ways to the national development of every country. They are responsible for nearly all household duties , starting from food productions and processing exercises. Often, women tend to be viewed not as individuals, but as part of the male-headed household with some unique needs of their own related to their preceived roles, if given the rigts they can be at the front line of major global issues. Women organizations in Africa and around world such as Formum for African Women Educationalist (FAWE) and the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) have been actively involve in using different approaches in seeing the the rights of women as stated in various international human rights docuents be met,their efforts are far from reach in Africa. Sharai Law: The word sharia means the path to a watering hole. It denotes an Islamic way of life that is more than a system of criminal justice. Sharia is a religious code for living, in the same way that the Bible offers a moral system for Christians. It is adopted by most Muslims to a greater or lesser degree as a matter of personal conscience, but it can also be formally instituted as law by certain states and enforced by the courts. Many Islamic countries have adopted elements of sharia law, governing areas such as inheritance, banking and contract law. Sharai Law in Nigeria -Case One: Safiya Hussaini, age 35, was sentenced to death by stoning in October 2002 for allegedly having a child with a married neighbour. She had the child after her divorce, but maintained the father was her former husband and that they were married when the child was conceived. The court convicted her, but Hussaini won an appeal, this time alleging that she had sex out of wedlock before sharia law took effect. Sharai Law in Nigeria Case Two: In 2001, a teenage single mother was given 100 lashes for adultery, even though she argued she was raped by three men. The court said Bariya Ibrahim Magazu could not prove that the men forced her to have sex. Sexual discrimenation is transparent in this case, The Sharai law failed to bring the three men to book for raping, insisted all the blame was put on the woman alone. Sharai Law in Nigeria -Case Three: In 2002, Adama Unusua, who was 19 and pregnant, was recently sentenced to 100 lashes in public for having sex with her fiance.  [5]   International Human Rights Documents and Sharia Law in Africa: The African continent ratified international and regional human rights protection instruments, human rights violations such as discrimination against women persists widely both in law and practice.The international commettee remains particularly concerned by the currently violations of human rights in Africa especially the ones currently going on in North Africa andWest Africa(Ivory Coast). The persistence of discriminatory laws; lack of perfect harmonisation between statutory and customary laws and the application of Sharia laws constantly increase violence against women, including widowhood rites; and obstacles to access top employment opportunities leades tonor right in decision-making that even affects them.The Shariagoes in oppsite direction with all international and regional human rights documents, expect in the Cariro Declaration on Human Rights in Islam by the Organization of the Islam Conferencce in may 1993, which made provision in Article 2  [6]   Conclusion: Increase in the violation of huma rights in Africa is at it apex point, both the international and regional commeteer need to pay much attension to this issues, especially the violation of fundamental rights which are clearly speelts in all human rights documents with execption to Articule 2(c) p 4 of the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights.Womens rights must be respected by eliminating all form of discrimination against them, so that they can see themselves as partners in development in African.

Computers in the Classroom :: Education Teaching

Computers in the Classroom Technology is increasingly becoming part of our everyday life. We can think back to a time when we did not even know what a computer was and all we had was the telephone, radio, and television. Now, we cannot go a day without using my computer and the internet to do something that we need to get done. When did it all change? Everything is happening so fast. We remember going to school and all that we were allowed to use was paper and pencil and we are only twenty and twenty-two years old. When we think about how quickly things have changed, we can only image what it’s going to be like for the next generation. Everyday there is something new coming out into the technology market whether it be, an upgrade to a software package or a new model for a computer. We have come to the realization that as soon as we buy a product, such as a new computer or printer that within a month or less, it is essentially out dated. The reason for that is that as soon as the companies such as Hewett Packard put a new product out on the market, they have already begun work on a new model to improve the one that they just put out. Not only have computers become part of everyday life; they have also become an essential part of instruction in the classroom for both teachers and students. Throughout this paper, we will be discussing several different aspects of why computers are important tool in the classroom. The job of a teacher is to engage students in learning. Computers are engaging learning tools because they reinforce the concepts which are being taught in the classroom. In the past ten years from Kindergarten through college, teachers and students have embraced information technology. Eight-five percent of children know more about computers and the Internet then both their parents (http://www.davidpearcesnyder.com/computers_and_classrooms.htm, n.d). When computers are used in an interactive mode it enhances the average young person’s ability to learn. Some examples of inactive mode include video games, educational games, and chat rooms. In addition, CD-ROMs allow students to learn to read faster and retain more information. In high school, three fourths of students prefer researching school assignments on the Internet (http://www.

Informed consent Essay

Informed consent is a phrase often used in law to indicate that the consent a person gives meets certain minimum standards. As a literal matter, in the absence of fraud, it is redundant. An informed consent can be said to have been given based upon a clear appreciation and understanding of the facts, implications, and future consequences of an action. In order to give informed consent, the individual concerned must have adequate reasoning faculties and be in possession of all relevant facts at the time consent is given. (Wikipedia). UK case law on consent has established three requirements that need to be satisfied before a potential client can give informed consent: 1. Consent should be given by someone with the mental ability to do so. 2. Sufficient information should be given to the participant. 3. Consent must be freely given. A therapist must always get informed consent to give treatment. This should be done by clearly explaining the treatment you will be giving, any risks that may be involved and any other alternative treatments that may be possible. A record of the treatment plan including all decisions must be kept and passed to all professionals involved in their care. Informed consent cannot be given by a client under the age of 16 so the parent or legal guardian are authorised to give it. Consent can be given either in writing or verbally and should be based upon the information being clearly explained by the therapist and fully understood by the client. The therapist should not just hand over a form for the client to sign as they may not fully read the details on it. An information sheet should be given which should include material the therapist feels is suitable for each individual client. It could also have details of any books or websites that could be of use. The information should include the type of treatment, the outcomes, all costs/expenses, any risks or consequences which may be incurred and available options. Everything must be understood by the client and the therapist can establish this by asking if all information is clear or if anything more is required. The therapist should be aware of the needs of their potential client in case, for example, they have a problem reading. Alternative formats such as MP3, CD or picture data may be required. The client should freely ask questions so clarification can be obtained. Effective communication should be used to find out what a patient wants and needs to know. As treatment is ongoing and may change, the therapist must ensure that the client is made aware of these and that they understand and agree to them. The client should be in full possession of their faculties and not be impaired by health problems such as illness, drug addiction or alcohol problems. It is the responsibility of the therapist to get informed consent from the client before treatment begins. In many areas of therapeutic practice, it is considered to be a legal and ethical requirement to have informed consent as it is possible that legal action could be taken against a therapist if they begin treatment without it. However, the Medical Council states that ‘while a signed consent form provides good evidence that a discussion has taken place, it does not prove that consent is truly informed. If a client is only given a form to sign with no verbal explanation, it loses all significance as it becomes an undemanding formality that must be complied with for legal purposes. This does not serve the ethical objectives of consent. ’ (Good Medical Practice in Seeking Informed Consent to Treatment 2008/9). The therapist must check with the client that they have understood and are satisfied with all the information and details they have been given. Any outstanding problems should be clarified prior to the client giving informed consent. Implied consent is consent which is understood without being explicitly stated (Dictionarist). It is a form of consent which is not expressly granted by a person, but rather inferred from a client’s actions and the facts and circumstances of a particular situation (Wikipedia). There is no direct agreement given either verbally or in writing to confirm consent. If a client came to see a hypnotherapist following having received information from them, it would be assumed as implied consent to hypnosis as they have made a decision to make an appointment for treatment. Written consent should be obtained before any treatment is given but after the therapist has clearly explained hypnotherapy and is sure that it has been understood by the client. It must be obtained from the parent or legal guardian of a child or a young person before therapy begins. Written consent should always be given in advance if any audio or visual recordings are to be made.

mercury essays

mercury essays Mercurys symbol is Hg, its atomic number is 80, its atomic mass is 200.59, its in group 12 and in period 6, and it also has two valence electrons. Its standard state is liquid at 298K and it is the heaviest known elemental liquid. It has a silvery white color. It is named after the planet "Mercury" the origin of the symbol Hg is the Latin word "hydrargyrum" meaning "liquid silver". Mercury was known to ancient Chinese and Hindus before 2000 B.C. and was found in tubes in Egyptian tombs dated from 1500 B.C. Mercury is the only metal liquid at ordinary temperatures. Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver. It sometimes occurs free in nature and is found mainly in cinnabar ore, which is HgS. Cinnabar ore is found in Spain and Italy. Mercury is a heavy, silvery-white metal, which forms alloys easily with many metals like gold, silver, and tin. These alloys are called amalgams. Its way of amalgamating with gold is made use of the recovery of gold from its ores. Mercury is a bad conductor of heat and an okay conductor of electricity. The most important salts are mercuric chloride HgC12 that is a corrosive and violent poison. Mercurous chloride Hg2Cl2, which used to be used in medicine. Mercury fulminate Hg(ONC)2 used as a detonator in explosives and mercuric sulfide HgS used as a high-grade paint pigment. Organic mercury compounds are important and dangerous. Methyl mercury is a lethal pollutant found in rivers and lakes. Mercury is a virulent poison and is readily absorbed through the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, or through unbroken skin. It acts as a cumulative poison since there are few pathways available to the body for its excretion. Since mercury is a very readily vaporizable element at a relatively low temperature, dangerous levels are readily attained in air. Air saturated with mercury vapor at 20C contains a concentration that exceeds the toxic ...

Purposes and Effects of the Electoral College

Purposes and Effects of the Electoral College Since the United States Constitution was ratified, there have been five Presidential elections where the candidate who won the popular vote did not have enough Electoral College votes to be elected as President.  These elections were as follows:   1824 – John Quincy Adams defeated Andrew Jackson1876 – Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Samuel J. Tilden1888 – Benjamin Harrison defeated Grover Cleveland2000 – George W. Bush defeated Al Gore2016 – Donald Trump defeated Hillary Clinton.It should be noted that there is a significant amount of evidence to question whether John F. Kennedy collected more popular votes than Richard M. Nixon in the 1960 election due to severe irregularities in Alabama voting results. The results of the 2016 election have brought forth a great deal of debate with respect to the continued viability of the Electoral College.  Ironically, a Senator from California (which is the largest U.S. state- and an important consideration in this debate) has filed legislation in an attempt to start the process necessary to amend the U.S. Constitution to ensure that the winner of the popular vote becomes the President-elect- but is that truly what was contemplated by the intent of the founding fathers of the United States? The Committee of Eleven and the Electoral College In 1787, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention were extremely divided about how the President of the newly formed country should be elected, and this issue was sent to the Committee of Eleven on Postponed Matters.  This Committee of Elevens purpose was to resolve issues that could not be agreed upon by all the members.  In establishing the Electoral College, the Committee of Eleven attempted to resolve the conflict between state rights and federalism issues.   While the Electoral College provides that U.S. citizens could participate by voting, it also gave protection to the rights of the smaller and less populous states by giving each state one Elector for each of the two U.S. Senators as well as for each member of the U.S. State of Representatives.  The workings of the Electoral College also achieved a goal of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention that the U.S. Congress would not have any input in the Presidential election whatsoever. Federalism in America   In order to understand why the Electoral College was devised, it is important to acknowledge that under the U.S. Constitution, both the federal government and the individual states share very specific powers. One of the most important concepts from the Constitution is Federalism, which, in 1787, was extremely innovative. Federalism arose as a means to exclude the weaknesses and hardships of both a unitary system and a confederation James Madison wrote in the Federalist Papers that the U.S. system of government is neither wholly national nor wholly federal. Federalism was the result of years of being oppressed by the British and deciding that the U.S. government would be grounded on specified rights; while at the same time the founding fathers did not want to make the same mistake that had been made under the Articles of Confederation where essentially each individual state was its’ own sovereignty and could override the laws of the Confederation. Arguably, the issue of state rights versus a strong federal government ended shortly after the America Civil War and the post-war period of Reconstruction. Since then, the U.S. political scene has been made up of two separate and ideologically distinct major partisan groups – the Democratic and Republican Parties. In addition, there are a number of third or otherwise independent parties. The Effect of the Electoral College on Voter Turnout U.S national elections have a significant history of voter apathy, which over the last several decades show that only about 55 to 60 percent of those eligible will actually vote.  An August 2016 study by the Pew Research Center  ranks the U.S. voter turnout at 31 out of 35 countries with a democratic government. Belgium had the highest rate at 87 percent, Turkey was second at 84 percent and Sweden was third at 82 percent. A strong argument can be made that U.S. voter turnout in Presidential elections stems from the fact that, due to the Electoral College, every vote does not count. In the 2016 election, Clinton had 8,167,349 votes to Trump’s 4,238,545 in California which has voted Democratic in every Presidential election since 1992. In addition, Trump had 4,683,352 votes to Clinton’s 3,868,291 in Texas which has voted Republican in every Presidential election since 1980. Further, Clinton had 4,149,500 votes to Trump’s 2,639,994 in New York which has voted Democratic in every Presidential election since 1988. California, Texas and New York are the three most populated states and have a combined 122 Electoral College votes. The statistics support the argument of many that under the present Electoral College system, a Republican presidential vote in California or New York does not matter, just as a Democratic presidential vote in Texas does not matter. These are only three examples, but the same can be stated as true in the predominantly Democratic New England states and the historically Republican Southern states. It is entirely probable that voter apathy in the United States is due to the belief held by many citizens that their vote will not have any effect on the outcome of the Presidential election. Campaign Strategies and the Electoral College When looking at the popular vote, another consideration should be campaign strategies and finances. Taking into consideration the historical vote of a particular state, a presidential candidate may decide to avoid campaigning and or advertising in that state. Instead, they will make more appearances in states that are more evenly divided and can be won to add onto the number of Electoral votes which are required to win the Presidency.   One final issue to consider when weighing the merits of the Electoral College is when does the U.S. Presidential vote become final. The popular vote occurs on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November every fourth even year that is divisible by four; then the Electors of the Electoral College meet in their home states on the Monday after the second Wednesday in December of the same year, and it isn’t until January 6th immediately following the election that the joint session of Congress counts and certifies the votes. However, this seems to be moot seeing that during the 20th Century, in eight different Presidential elections, there has been a sole elector who did not vote consistent with that Elector’s states popular vote. In other words, the results on election night reflect the final electoral college vote.   In every election where the individual who lost the popular vote was voted in, there have been calls for ending the Electoral College. Obviously, this would not affect the outcome of the 2016 election but it could have an impact on future elections, some of which might be unforeseen.

Structural form that is most suitable for an SHRM approach Essay

Structural form that is most suitable for an SHRM approach - Essay Example The changing face of the industrialized world has led to changing views of managing the workforce.The concepts governing human resource management have changed with changes in the industrialized world.As business operations have expanded from local to national and on to global markets,organizations are forced to operate in a fast-changing environment Competition, technological advancement, legal requirements, host-country expectations and a changing customer profile place pressure on the internal systems and processes. The organizational structure has undergone changes with the changing environment. The earlier bureaucratic structure with its mono-cultural working community that suited a limited market has given way to a variety of structures that seek to garner the best way to harness talent in a wider area and manage market expectations across cultures. The factors that affected the HRM concepts at work were primarily availability and negotiating power of labor and workforce cultur e. As markets expanded companies faced a need to restructure internally in an effort to maintain flexibility by utilizing the right type of talent to manage the external environment. The central concept of HRM relates to ‘flexibility, responsiveness, ownership of organizational problems†¦ empowerment†¦ commitment’ (Salaman, 2001, p. 157). Connecting SHRM with strategy and structure Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) may be considered to be an umbrella term for a set of practices and processes designed to ensure the appropriate use of talent to suit business needs. HR academicians and writers have put forth visions on the models of SHRM, business strategy and structure. Strategy is seen to mould structure and thereby the practices towards managing human resources. Sinclair-Hunt and Simms (2005, p. 4) refer to the external environment as a guiding factor behind strategy. The environment might require quick responses which requires the use of proactive th ought and vision; it may require short term responses that allow survival without greatly impacting the internal processes or it may call for the organization to ‘give in’. The demands of the environment determine the response which should ideally be aided by appropriate strategy and structure. Yet organizations struggle to develop an SHRM approach. Sims (2002, p. 34-36) points out that the linkage between SHRM and overall strategy must cross the first hurdle of drafting corporate strategy. Many times, organizations are hard put to define a larger strategy and prefer to focus on immediate events. The demand for continuing flexibility can make the creation of such a strategy a challenge in itself. Ferris, Rosen and Barnum (1995, p. 135) discuss how even the presence of a larger strategy does not lead to the linear creation of SHRM processes since by the time the implications are translated to HR processes, the environment has forced a change to strategy. Durai (2010, p.3 7-38) mentions the factors that interfere with the development of effective SHRM processes. Absence of support from top management in involving the HR practitioners making key decisions is a major factor. This often stems from the perception that HR is an administrative function Morton, Newall and Sparkes (2004, p. 52). The author believes it is incumbent for the HR department to highlight the business advantage it can provide while providing administrative efficiency. In the absence of a clear strategy is there no scope for a unified approach to the acquisition and management of talent? Strategic human resource management must be considered linked to the context of the business. An organization may not spell out strategy for a variety of reasons ranging from not seeing the need or not knowing how to not considering it relevant. The structure may continue to be hierarchical with speed provided by the adoption of technology. In such a case, business context guides the activities

Perfect Body Image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Perfect Body Image - Essay Example Thus, only some women really need perfect body image as a part of their professional occupation and life style. To these groups belong film stars and TV stars, fitness trainers and fashion models. Film and TV stars are the main groups which really needs an ideal body image. Modern people judged others, and expected to be judged by other people, as being "Fashion In" or "Fashion Out " depending on whether they met the operant criteria. Those who best portrayed the "Fashion In" look became what the people called "role models." Those women selected as role models then set the standards for what other people emulated and perceived as right and normal (Gilbert 98). The people's desires for being judged "Fashion In" could conflict with their interests in developing other characteristics they valued, such as the characteristic of individuality; however, most people remained painfully aware of the problems associated with low performance with respect to fashion. That is, they explained how an assignation as "Fashion Out" carried a heavy social cost by relegating a person to an inferior social position. When judged as "Fashion Out, " any person could expect to be considered as general ly undesirable. Gilbert (98) explained one of the indignities a person might expect to suffer when judged as "Fashion Out." "When a person is fashion out they will usually get talked about by other people to other people. Although it's not nice to talk about people, it's something that just happens" (Gilbert 91). This social reality made it important for the people to know the bases for judgments about one's fashion status. In the following excerpt from one conversation about fashion, the people tried to help me understand some of the complexities involved in distinguishing between In their images the "Fashion In" woman is adorned in name brand clothes and shoes that cost a certain amount of money. Thus if a woman does not come from a family with the required level of economic buying power, she is forced to find other means to make the appropriate acquisitions or accept a status as "Fashion Out." (Rothschild 65). Fitness trainers need an ideal body image in order to promote healthy life style and active life style. For this group of women, ideal body means health and good pussycat form. Through their approach these researchers constructed health as an individual's problem and responsibility. By continuing to individualize health and health behaviors, we are able to blame the "victim" (Gilbert 84). While individuals may certainly have power to control certain types of health-related problems, those who individualize the phenomenon of health also camouflage the social, relational, and communal aspects of health (Rothschild 65). They divert attention from much-needed discussion of society's collective influence, concern, and responsibility. Thus, rather than simply viewing health as unidimensional and personal, we might be better off to think of health as a dynamic and complex social phenomenon occurring at the intersection of individual, social, relational, and communal planes. Further, viewin g health in this way enables us to politicize the concept of health.